United States Enos, the third great ape and only chimpanzee to orbit the Earth, being prepared for launch on Mercury-Atlas 5 (November 29, 1961) Able, who flew on the first two monkey space mission in May 1959, on display at the National Air and Space Museum Sam, a rhesus macaque, flew to an altitude of 88 km (55 mi) on December 4, 1959, on a NASA rocket, Little Joe 2 Monkeys and non-human apes from several species were used, including rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees. Numerous backup primates also went through the programs but never flew. Overall, thirty-two non-human primates flew in the space program none flew more than once. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 19. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The United States launched flights containing primate passengers primarily between 19 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. Ham, a chimpanzee, became the first great ape in space during his January 31, 1961, suborbital flight aboard Mercury-Redstone 2īefore humans went into space in the 1960s, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of spaceflight.
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